Beadboard paneling, also known as wainscoting, is an alternative to paint or wallpaper covering the length of the wall. They are wood panels that cover the bottom of the wall, usually up to waist height, but they can extend up to the ceiling.
Beadboard paneling is just a decorative addition to a room. They are often used to give rooms a rustic look or add a simple elegancy through the warmth they provide.